Journal of Powder Materials

Ji-Soon Kim

17 Articles

Fabrication of Fe-TiC Composite Powder by High-Energy Milling and Subsequent Reaction Synthesis: Ki-Bong Ahn, Byung-Hun Lee, Young-Hee Lee, Hyunh Xuan Khoa, Ji-Soon Kim; J Korean Powder Metall Inst. 2013;20(1):53-59.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/KPMI.2013.20.1.053

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Fe-TiC composite powder was fabricated via two steps. The first step was a high-energy milling of FeO and carbon powders followed by heat treatment for reduction to obtain a (Fe+C) powder mixture. The optimal condition for high-energy milling was 500 rpm for 1h, which had been determined by a series of preliminary experiment. Reduction heat-treatment was carried out at 900°C for 1h in flowing argon gas atmosphere. Reduced powder mixture was investigated by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Field Emission-Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) and Laser Particle Size Analyser (LPSA). The second step was a high-energy milling of (Fe+C) powder mixture and additional TiH_2 powder, and subsequent in-situ synthesis of TiC particulate in Fe matrix through a reaction of carbon and Ti. High-energy milling was carried out at 500 rpm for 1 h. Heat treatment for reaction synthesis was carried out at 1000sim1200°C for 1 h in flowing argon gas atmosphere. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results of the fabricated Fe-TiC composite powder showed that only TiC and Fe phases exist. Results from FE-SEM observation and Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectros-copy (EDS) revealed that TiC phase exists uniformly dispersed in the Fe matrix in a form of particulate with a size of submicron.

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Plastic deformation and microstructural evolution during the shock consolidation of ultrafine copper powders
Dong-Hyun Ahn, Wooyeol Kim, Minju Kang, Lee Ju Park, Sunghak Lee, Hyoung Seop Kim
Materials Science and Engineering: A.2015; 625: 230. CrossRef
Spark Plasma Sintering of Fe-TiC Composite Powders
Yong-Heui Lee, Xuan-Khoa Hyunh, Ji Soon Kim
Journal of Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute.2014; 21(5): 382. CrossRef

Fundamental Aspects of Resistance Sintering under Ultrahigh Pressure Consolidation: Zhangjian Zhou, Ji-Soon Kim, Young-Jin Yum; J Korean Powder Metall Inst. 2012;19(1):19-24.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/KPMI.2012.19.1.019

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The consolidation results of fine tungsten powders, W-Cu composite and W/Cu FGM by using a novel method combining resistance sintering with ultra high pressure have been reviewed. The densification effects of the consolidation parameters, including pressure, input power and sintering time, have been investigated. The sintering mechanism of this method was quite different from other sintering methods. Particle rearrangement, sliding, distortion and crushing due to the ultra high pressure are the dominant mehanisms at the initial stage, then the dominant sintering mechanisms are transient arc-fused processes controlled by the input power.

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Fabrication of W-Cu alloy via combustion synthesis infiltration under an ultra-gravity field
Yuepeng Song, Qian Li, Jiangtao Li, Gang He, Yixiang Chen, Hyoung Seop Kim
Metals and Materials International.2014; 20(6): 1145. CrossRef

A Study on the Behavior of Combustion Wave Propagation and the Structure of Porous TiNi Body during Self-propagating High-temperature Synthesis Process: Ji-Soon Kim, Victor E. Gjuntera, Jin-Chun Kim, Young-Soon Kwon; J Korean Powder Metall Inst. 2010;17(1):29-35.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/KPMI.2010.17.1.029

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We produced cylindrical porous TiNi bodies by Self-propagating High-temperature Synthesis (SHS) process, varying the heating schedule prior to ignition of a loose preform compact made from (Ti+Ni) powder mixture. To investigate the effect of the heating schedule on the behaviour of combustion wave propagation and the structure of porous TiNi shape-memory alloy (SMA) body, change of temperature in the compact during SHS process was measured as a function of time and used for determining combustion temperature and combustion wave velocity. Microstructure of produced porous TiNi SMA body was observed and the results were discussed with the combustion characteristics. From the results it was concluded that the final average pore size could be controlled either by the combustion wave velocity or by the average temperature of the preform compact prior to ignition.

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Microwave-induced substitutional-combustion reaction of Fe3O4/Al ceramic matrix porous composite
C. C. Lee, N. Yoshikawa, S. Taniguchi
Journal of Materials Science.2011; 46(21): 7004. CrossRef

Production of Fe Amorphous Powders by Gas-Atomization Process and Subsequent Spark Plasma Sintering of Fe amorphous-ductile Cu Composite Powder Produced by Ball-milling Process (II) - II. SPS Behaviors of Composite Powders and their Characteristics -: Jin-Chun Kim, Ji-Soon Kim, H.J. Kim, Jeong-Gon Kim; J Korean Powder Metall Inst. 2009;16(5):326-335.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/KPMI.2009.16.5.326

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Abstract PDF: Fe based (Fe_68.2C_5.9Si_3.5B_6.7P_9.6Cr_2.1Mo_2.0Al_2.0) amorphous powder, which is a composition of iron blast cast slag, were produced by a gas atomization process, and sequently mixed with ductile Cu powder by a mechanical ball milling process. The Fe-based amorphous powders and the Fe-Cu composite powders were compacted by a spark plasma sintering (SPS) process. Densification of the Fe amorphous-Cu composited powders by spark plasma sintering of was occurred through a plastic deformation of the each amorphous powder and Cu phase. The SPS samples milled by AGO-2 under 500 rpm had the best homogeneity of Cu phase and showed the smallest Cu pool size. Micro-Vickers hardness of the as-SPSed specimens was changed with the milling processes.

Production of Fe Amorphous Powders by Gas-atomization Process and Subsequent Spark Plasma Sintering of Fe Amorphous-ductile Cu Composite Powders Produced by Ball-milling Process (I) - I. Gas Atomization and Production of Composite Powders -: Ho-Jin Ryu, Jae-Hyun Lim, Ji-Soon Kim, Jin-Chun Kim, H.J. Kim; J Korean Powder Metall Inst. 2009;16(5):316-325.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/KPMI.2009.16.5.316

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Abstract PDF: Fe based (Fe_68.2C_5.9Si_3.5B_6.7P_9.6Cr_2.1Mo_2.0Al_2.0) amorphous powder, which is a composition of iron blast cast slag, were produced by a gas atomization process, and sequently mixed with ductile Cu powder by a mechanical ball milling process. The experiment results show that the as-prepared Fe amorphous powders less than 90 mum in size has a fully amorphous phase and its weight fraction was about 73.7%. The as-atomized amorphous Fe powders had a complete spherical shape with very clean surface. Differential scanning calorimetric results of the as-atomized Fe powders less than 90 mum showed that the glass transition, T_g, onset crystallization, T_x, and super-cooled liquid range DeltaT=T_x-T_g were 512, 548 and 36°C, respectively. Fe amorphous powders were mixed and deformed well with 10 wt.% Cu by using AGO-2 high energy ball mill under 500 rpm.

The Formation and Crystallization of Amorphous Ti₅₀Cu₅₀Ni₂₀Al₁₀ Powder Prepared by High-Energy Ball Milling: Nguyen Hoang Viet, Jin-Chun Kim, Ji-Soon Kim, Young-Soon Kwon; J Korean Powder Metall Inst. 2009;16(1):9-15.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/KPMI.2009.16.1.009

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Amorphization and crystallization behaviors of Ti_50Cu_50Ni_20Al_10 powders during high-energy ball milling and subsequent heat treatment were studied. Full amorphization obtained after milling for 30 h was confirmed by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscope. The morphology of powders prepared using different milling times was observed by field-emission scanning electron microscope. The powders developed a fine, layered, homogeneous structure with prolonged milling. The crystallization behavior showed that the glass transition, T_g, onset crystallization, T_x, and super cooled liquid range DeltaT=T_x-T_g were 691,771 and 80 K, respectively. The isothermal transformation kinetics was analyzed by the John-Mehn-Avrami equation. The Avrami exponent was close to 2.5, which corresponds to the transformation process with a diffusion-controlled type at nearly constant nucleation rate. The activation energy of crystallization for the alloy in the isothermal annealing process calculated using an Arrhenius plot was 345 kJ/mol.

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Mechanical Properties of Bulk Amorphous Ti50Cu20Ni20Al10Fabricated by High-energy Ball Milling and Spark-plasma Sintering
H.V. Nguyen, J.C. Kim, J.S. Kim, Y.J. Kwon, Y.S. Kwon
Journal of Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute.2009; 16(5): 358. CrossRef

Spark Plasma Sintering of the Ductile Cu-Gas-atomized Ni Bulk Metallic Glass Composite Powders: Jin-Chun Kim, Yong-Jin Kim, Byoung-Kee Kim, Ji-Soon Kim; J Korean Powder Metall Inst. 2006;13(5):351-359.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/KPMI.2006.13.5.351

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Abstract PDF: Ni based(Ni_57Zr_20Ti_18Si_2Sn_3) bulk metallic glass(BMG) powders were produced by a gas atomization process, and ductile Cu powders were mixed using a spray drying process. The Ni-based amorphous powder and Cu mixed Ni composite powders were compacted by a spark plasma sintering (SPS) processes into cylindrical shape. The relative density varied with the used SPS mold materials such as graphite, hardened steel and WC-Co hard metal. The relative density increased from 87% to 98% when the sintering temperature increased up to 460°C in the WC-Co hard metal mold.

Synthesis and Spark-plasma Sinetring of Nanoscale Al/alumina Powder by Wire Electric Explosion Process: Ji-Soon Kim, H. T. Kim, A. P. Illyin, Young-Soon Kwon; J Korean Powder Metall Inst. 2005;12(5):351-356.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/KPMI.2005.12.5.351

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Abstract PDF: Nanoscale Al powder with thin layer of alumina was produced by Wire Electric Explosion (WEE) process. Spark-Plasma Sintering (SPS) was performed for the produced powder to confirm the effectiveness of SPS like so-called 'surface-cleaning effect' and so on. Crystallite size and alumina content of produced powder varied with the ratio of input energy to sublimation energy of Al wire (e/e_s): Increase in (e/e_s) resulted in the decrease of crystallite size and the increase of alumina content. Shrinkage curve during SPS process showed that the oxide surface layer could not be destroyed near the melting point of Al. It implied that there was not enough or no spark-plasma effect during SPS for Al/Alumina powder.

Kinetic and Thermodynamic Features of Combustion of Superfine Aluminum Powders in Air: Young-Soon Kwon, Pyuck-Pa Park, Ji-Soon Kim, Alexander Gromov, Chang-Kyu Rhee; J Korean Powder Metall Inst. 2004;11(4):308-313.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/KPMI.2004.11.4.308

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Abstract PDF: An experimental study on the combustion of superfine aluminum powders (average particle diameter, a_s: ∼0.1 µtextrmm) in air is reported. The formation of aluminum nitride during the combustion of aluminum in air and the influence of the combustion scenario on the structures and compositions of the final products are in the focus of this study. The experiments were conducted in an air (pressure: 1 atm). Superfine aluminum powders were produced by the wire electrical explosion method. Such superfine aluminum powder is stable in air but once ignited it can burn in a self-sustaining way due to its low bulk: density (∼0.1 g/㎤) and a low thermal conductivity. During combustion, the temperature and radiation were measured and the actual burning process was recorded by a video camera. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and chemical analysis were performed on the both initial powders and final products. It was found that the powders, ignited by local heating, burned in a two-stage self-propagating regime. The products of the first stage consisted of unreacted aluminum (-70 mass %) and amorphous oxides with traces of AlN. After the second stage the AlN content exceeded 50 mass % and the residual Al content decreased to ∼10 mass %. A qualitative discussion is given on the kinetic limitation for AlN oxidation due to rapid condensation and encapsulation of gaseous AlN.N.

Phase Transformation by the Oxidation of Air-passivated W and Mo Nanopowders Produced by an Electrical Explosion of Wires: Young-Soon Kwon, Ji-Soon Kim, Alexander A. Gromov, Moon-Hee Hong; J Korean Powder Metall Inst. 2004;11(2):130-136.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/KPMI.2004.11.2.130

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The passivation and oxidation process of tungsten and molybdenum narlopowders, produced by electrical explosion of wires was studied by means of FE-SEM, XPS. XRD, TEM, DIA-TGA and sire distribution analysis. In addition, the phase transformation of W and Mo nanopowders under oxidation in air was investigated. A chemical process is suggested for the oxidation of W and Mo nano-particles after a comprehensive testing of passivated and oxidized powders.

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Preparation of Mo nanopowders through hydrogen reduction of a combustion synthesized foam-like MoO2 precursor
Siyong Gu, Mingli Qin, Houan Zhang, Jidong Ma, Xuanhui Qu
International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials.2018; 76: 90. CrossRef

In-situ Synthesis of Cu-TiB₂ Nanocomposite by MA/SPS: Young-Soon Kwon, Ji-Soon Kim, Hwan-Tae Kim, Jin-Soo Moon, Dudina D.V, Lomovsky O.I.; J Korean Powder Metall Inst. 2003;10(6):443-447.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/KPMI.2003.10.6.443

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Abstract PDF: Nano-sized TiB_2 was in situ synthesized in copper matrix through self-propagating high temperature synthesis (SHS) with high-energy ball milled Ti-B-Cu elemental mixtures as powder precursors. The size of TiB_2 particles in the product of SHS reaction decreases with time of preliminary mechanical treatment ranging from 1 in untreated mixture to 0.1 in mixtures milled for 3 min. Subsequent mechanical treatment of the product of SHS reaction allowed the TiB_2 particles to be reduced down to 30-50 nm. Microstructural change of TiB_2-Cu nanocomposite during spark plasma sintering (SPS) was also investigated. Under simultaneous action of pressure, temperature and electric current, titanium diboride nanoparticles distributed in copper matrix move, agglomerate and form a interpenetrating phase composite with a fine-grained skeleton.

Characteristics of Nano-dispersed Powder by Electric Explosion of Conductors: Young-Soon Kwon, Ji-Soon Kim, Jin-Soo Moon, Hwan-Tae Kim, Alexander-P Ilyin, Chang-Kyu Rhee, Geun-Hie Rim; J Korean Powder Metall Inst. 2003;10(6):430-435.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/KPMI.2003.10.6.430

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Abstract PDF: The phenomenon of electrical explosion of conductors is considered in the context of the changes in the energy and structural states of the metal at the stages of energy delivery and relaxation of the primary products of EEC. It is shown that these changes are related to the forced interaction of an intense energy flux with matter and to the subsequent spontaneous relaxation processes. The characteristics of nano-sized metal powders are also discussed. The preferential gas media during EEC is Ar+H_2. An increase in e/e_s (in the range of values studied) leads to a reduction in the metal content. For reactive powders obtained with high metal content, it is necessary to separate the SFAP fractions, which settled on the negative electrode of the electric filter.

Application of Nanodispersed Powders Produced by Wire Electrical Explosion Method: Nikolay Yavorovsky, Peter Balukhtin, Young-Soon Kwon, Ji-Soon Kim; J Korean Powder Metall Inst. 2003;10(3):151-156.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/KPMI.2003.10.3.151

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Abstract PDF: In the present work some properties of nanopowders and possible areas of their applications are discussed. Main attention is paid to the use of nanodispersed powders (NDP) in new materials production technologies.

Mechanical Alloying Effect in Immiscible Cu-Based Alloy Systems.: Chung-Hyo Lee, Seong-Hee Lee, Ji-Soon Kim, Young-Soon Kwon; J Korean Powder Metall Inst. 2003;10(3):164-167.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/KPMI.2003.10.3.164

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The mechanical alloying effect has been studied on the three Cu-based alloy systems with a positive heat of mixing. The extended bcc solid solution has been formed in the Cu-V system and an amorphous phase in the Cu-Ta system. However, it is round that a mixture of nanocrystalline Cu and Mo Is formed in the Cu-Mo system. The neutron diffraction has been employed at a main tool to characterize the detailed amorphization process. The formation of an amorphous phase in Cu-Ta system can be understood by assuming that the smaller Cu atoms preferentially enter into the bcc Ta lattice during ball milling.

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Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 3vol%CNT Reinforced Cu Matrix Composite Fabricated by a Powder in Sheath Rolling Method
Seong-Hee Lee
Korean Journal of Materials Research.2020; 30(3): 149. CrossRef
Synthesis of Ultra Fine Titanium-Tungsten Carbide Powder from Titanium Dioxide and Ammonium Metatungstate
Gil-Geun Lee, Gook-Hyun Ha
MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS.2009; 50(1): 187. CrossRef
Synthesis of WC Nanosized Powder by the Plasma Arc Discharge Process
Seoung Soo Lee, Dong Won Joo, Yeon Gil Jung, Chul Jin Choi
Key Engineering Materials.2007; 336-338: 2086. CrossRef
Characterization of Ni Nanopowders Produced by Electrical Explosion of Wire Technique
Hwan Tae Kim, Won Sik Seo, Dae Hwan Kwon, Pyuck Pa Choi, Ji Soon Kim, Young Soon Kwon
Materials Science Forum.2006; 510-511: 710. CrossRef

TiB₂-Cu Interpenetrating Phase Composites Produced by Spark-plasma Sintering: Young-Soon Kwon, Dina V. Dudina, Oleg I. Lomovsky, Michail A. Korchagin, Ji-Soon Kim; J Korean Powder Metall Inst. 2003;10(3):168-171.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/KPMI.2003.10.3.168

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Abstract PDF: Interpenetrating phase composites of TiB_2-Cu system were produced via Spark-Plasma Sintering (SPS) oi nanocomposite powders. Under simultaneous action of pressure, temperature and electric current titanium diboride nanoparticles distributed in copper matrix move, agglomerate and form a fine-grained skeleton. Increasing SPS-temperature and he]ding time promote densification due to local melting of copper matrix When copper melting is avoided the compacts contain 17-20% porosity but titanium diboride skeleton is still formed representing the feature of SPS . High degree of densification and formation of titanium diboride network result in increased hardness of high-temperature SPS-compacts.

Densification Behavior of Mechanically Alloyed NiAl Powder Compact during Spark-plasma Sintering and its Mechanical Property: Ji-Soon Kim, Soon-Ho Jung, Young-Il Jang, Young-Soon Kwon; J Korean Powder Metall Inst. 2003;10(3):172-175.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/KPMI.2003.10.3.172

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Mechanically-alloyed NiAl powder was sintered by Spark-Plasma Sintering (SPS) process. Densification and behavior mechanical property were determined from the experimental results and analysis ,such as changes in linear shrinkage, shrinkage rate, microstructure, and phase during sintering process, Victors hardness, and transver.ie-rupture-strength (TRS). Above 97% relative density was obtained after sintering at 1150°C for 5 min. Crystallite size determined by the Scherrer method was approximately 50 nm. From the X-ray diffraction analysis it was confirmed that the sintered bodies were composed mainly of NiAl phase together with Ni_3Al phase. Measured Vickers hardness and TRS value were 555pm10 H_v and 1393pm75 MPa , respectively.

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Densification and Mechanical Property of Nanostructured NiAl Produced by Mechanical-Alloying and Spark-Plasma Sintering
Ji Soon Kim, S.-H. Jung, Young Do Kim, Chung Hyo Lee, Young Soon Kwon
Materials Science Forum.2004; 449-452: 1101. CrossRef

Spark Plasma Sintering Behavior of Binderless WC Powders: Hwan-Tae Kim, Dong-Wook Park, Ji-Soon Kim, Young-Soon Kwon, Hye-Suk Kwon, Eung-Ryul Baek; J Korean Powder Metall Inst. 2003;10(3):176-180.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/KPMI.2003.10.3.176

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Pure WC powders which does not include a binder phase were consolidated by spark plasma sintering (SPS) process at 1600~1850°C for 0~30 min under 50 MPa. Microstructure alid mechanical properties of binderless WC prepared by SPS were investigated. With increasing sintering temperature, sintered density and Vickers hardness of binderless WC increased. The fracture toughness of binderless WC was 7~15 MPa m1/2 depending on the sintered density and decreased with increasing the Vickers hardness. It is found that the binderless WC prepared by SPS at 1750°C for 10 min under 50 MPa showed nearly full densification with fine-grained structure and revealed excellent mechanical properties of high hardness (~HV 2400) and considerably high fracture toughness (~7 MPa m1/2).

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Improvement of Surface Properties of Inconel718 by HVOF Coating with WC-Metal Powder and by Laser Heat Treatment of the Coating
Hui Gon Chun, Tong Yul Cho, Jae Hong Yoon, Gun Hwan Lee
Advances in Materials Science and Engineering.2015; 2015: 1. CrossRef
Improving the Properties of Magnetic Bearing Shaft Material by HVOF Coating of WC-Metal Powder and Laser Heat Treatment
T.Y. Cho, Y.K. Joo, J. H. Yoon, H. G. Chun, S.H. Zhang
Advanced Materials Research.2012; 560-561: 1052. CrossRef
Surface Modification by HVOF Coating of Micron-Sized WC-Metal Powder and Laser-Heating of the Coating
Tong Yul Cho, Jae Hong Yoon, Sung Kang Hur, Hui Gon Chun, Shi Hong Zhang
Materials Science Forum.2011; 686: 654. CrossRef
Surface properties and tensile bond strength of HVOF thermal spray coatings of WC-Co powder onto the surface of 420J2 steel and the bond coats of Ni, NiCr, and Ni/NiCr
Tong Yul Cho, Jae Hong Yoon, Jae Young Cho, Yun Kon Joo, Jin Ho Kang, Shihong Zhang, Hui Gon Chun, Soon Young Hwang, Sik Chol Kwon
Surface and Coatings Technology.2009; 203(20-21): 3250. CrossRef
Rapid sintering process and mechanical properties of binderless ultra fine tungsten carbide
Hwan-Cheol Kim, Jin-Kook Yoon, Jung-Mann Doh, In-Yong Ko, In-Jin Shon
Materials Science and Engineering: A.2006; 435-436: 717. CrossRef
Consolidation and properties of binderless sub-micron tungsten carbide by field-activated sintering
Hwan-Cheol Kim, In-Jin Shon, J.E. Garay, Z.A. Munir
International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials.2004; 22(6): 257. CrossRef

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