Journal of Powder Materials

Research Article

[Korean]
Effect of Cellulose Fiber Density Variation on Energy Harvesting Performance in a Hydrovoltaic Generator: Seung-Hwan Lee, So Hyun Baek, Hyun-Woo Lee, Yongbum Kwon, Kanghyuk Lee, Kee-Ryung Park, Yoseb Song, Bum Sung Kim, Ji Young Park, Yong-Ho Choa, Da-Woon Jeong; J Powder Mater. 2025;32(2):113-121. Published online April 30, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2025.00052

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Energy harvesting has become a crucial technology for sustainable energy solutions; in particular, the utilization of ambient water movement in hydrovoltaic generators has emerged as a promising approach. However, optimizing performance requires an understanding of structural factors affecting energy harvesting, particularly capillary effects. This study aimed to improve hydrovoltaic generator performance by adjusting internal fiber density, which influences water transport and ion mobility. Using cold isostatic pressing, cellulose acetate (CA) loading in a urethane mold was varied to optimize internal density. As CA loading increased, the fiber arrangement became denser, narrowing capillary pathways and reducing proton mobility. While open-circuit voltage (VOC) remained stable, short-circuit current (ISC) decreased with higher CA mass. The sample with a loading of 0.3 g exhibited the highest energy harvesting efficiency, achieving ISC = 107.2 μA, VOC = 0.15 V, and power (P) = 16.7 μW. This study provides insights into methods of improving hydrovoltaic generator efficiency through internal structural modifications.

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Hydrovoltaic Electricity Generators: A Comprehensive Overview of Chemical and Architectural Designs
Kaiying Zhao, Shengyou Li, Minji Kwon, Gwanho Kim, EunAe Shin, Guangtao Zan, Cheolmin Park
Chemical Reviews.2026; 126(7): 4237. CrossRef

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