Journal of Powder Materials

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Manufacturing and Properties of CGI-based Composite Coating Layer Utilizing a Warm Spray Process and Cu-Ga and Cu-In Mixed Powders: Min-Gwang Jeon, Myeong-Ju Lee, Hyeong-Jun Kim, Kee-Ahn Lee; J Korean Powder Metall Inst. 2014;21(3):229-234. Published online June 1, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/KPMI.2014.21.3.229

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This study manufactured a CIG-based composite coating layer utilizing a new warm spray process, and a mixed powder of Cu-20at.%Ga and Cu-20at.%In. In order to obtain the mixed powder with desired composition, the Cu-20at.%Ga and Cu-20at.%In powders were mixed with a 7:1 ratio. The mixed powder had an average particle size of 35.4 μm. Through the utilization of a warm spray process, a CIG-based composite coating layer of 180 μm thickness could be manufactured on a pure Al matrix. To analyze the microstructure and phase, the warm sprayed coating layer underwent XRD, SEM/EDS and EMPA analyses. In addition, to improve the physical properties of the coating layer, an annealing heat treatment was conducted at temperatures of 200°C, 400°C and 600°C for 1 hour each. The microstructure analysis identified α-Cu, Cu₄In and Cu₃Ga phases in the early mixed powder, while Cu₄In disappeared, and additional Cu₉In₄ and Cu₉Ga₄ phases were identified in the warm sprayed coating layer. Porosity after annealing heat treatment reduced from 0.75% (warm sprayed coating layer) to 0.6% (after 600°C/1 hr. heat treatment), and hardness reduced from 288 Hv to 190 Hv. No significant phase changes were found after annealing heat treatment.

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Fabrication and Microstructure/Properties of Bulk-typeTantalum Material by a Kinetic Spray Process
Ji-Hye Lee, Ji-Won Kim, Kee-Ahn Lee
Journal of Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute.2016; 23(1): 8. CrossRef
Effect of Heat Treatment Environment on the Microstructure and Properties of Kinetic Sprayed Tantalum Coating Layer
Ji-Hye Lee, Hyung-Jun Kim, Kee-Ahn Lee
Journal of Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute.2015; 22(1): 32. CrossRef

Effect of Carrier Gases on the Microstructure and Properties of Ti Coating Layers Manufactured by Cold Spraying: Myeong-Ju Lee, Hyung-Jun Kim, Ik-Hyun Oh, Kee-Ahn Lee; J Korean Powder Metall Inst. 2013;20(1):24-32.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/KPMI.2013.20.1.024

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Abstract PDF: The effect of carrier gases (He, N_2) on the properties of Ti coating layers were investigated to manufacture high-density Ti coating layers. Cold spray coating layers manufactured using He gas had denser and more homogenous structures than those using N_2 gas. The He gas coating layers showed porosity value of 0.02% and hardness value of Hv 229.1, indicating more excellent properties than the porosity and hardness of N_2 gas coating layers. Bond strengths were examined, and coating layers manufactured using He recorded a value of 74.3 MPa; those manufactured using N_2 gas had a value of 64.6 MPa. The aforementioned results were associated with the fact that, when coating layers were manufactured using He gas, the powder could be easily deposited because of its high particle impact velocity. When Ti coating layers were manufactured by the cold spray process, He carrier gas was more suitable than N_2 gas for manufacturing excellent coating layers.

Effects of Powder Morphology and Powder Preheating on the Properties and Deposition Behavior of Titanium Coating Layer Manufactured by Cold Spraying: Jae-Nam Hwang, Myeong-Ju Lee, Hyung-Jun Kim, Ik-Hyun Oh, Kee-Ahn Lee; J Korean Powder Metall Inst. 2012;19(5):348-355.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/KPMI.2012.19.5.348

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Cold spray deposition using Titanium powder was carried out to investigate the effects of powder morphology and powder preheating on the coating properties such as porosity and hardness. The in-flight particle velocity of Ti powder in cold spray process was directly measured using the PIV (particle image velocimetry) equipment. Two types of powders (spherical and irregular ones) were used to manufacture cold sprayed coating layer. The results showed that the irregular morphology particle appeared higher in-flight particle velocity than that of the spherical one under the same process condition. The coating layer using irregular morphology powder represented lower porosity level and higher hardness. Two different preheating conditions (no preheating and preheating at 500°C) were used in the process of cold spraying. The porosity decreased and the hardness increased by conducting preheating at 500°C. It was found that the coating properties using different preheating conditions were dependent not on the particle velocity but on the deformation temperature of particle. The deposition mechanism of particles in cold spray process was also discussed based on the experimental results of in flight-particle velocity.

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Solid-state cold spray additive manufacturing of pure tantalum with extraordinary high-temperature mechanical properties
Young-Kyun Kim, Hyung-Jun Kim, Kee-Ahn Lee
Journal of Materials Research and Technology.2023; 23: 5698. CrossRef
Effect of Fe Content on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ti-Al-Mo-V-Cr-Fe Alloys
K.C. Bae, J.J. Oak, Y.H. Kim, Y.H. Park
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials.2017; 62(2): 1105. CrossRef
Effects Of Process Parameters On Cu Powder Synthesis Yield And Particle Size In A Wet-Chemical Process
Y.M. Shin, J.-H. Lee
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials.2015; 60(2): 1247. CrossRef
Property Evaluation of Kinetic Sprayed Al-Ni Composite Coatings
GyeongJun Byun, JaeIck Kim, Changhee Lee, SeeJo Kim, Seong Lee
Journal of Welding and Joining.2014; 32(5): 72. CrossRef
Manufacturing and Properties of CGI-based Composite Coating Layer Utilizing a Warm Spray Process and Cu-Ga and Cu-In Mixed Powders
Min-Gwang Jeon, Myeong-Ju Lee, Hyeong-Jun Kim, Kee-Ahn Lee
Journal of Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute.2014; 21(3): 229. CrossRef
Effect of Carrier Gases on the Microstructure and Properties of Ti Coating Layers Manufactured by Cold Spraying
Myeong-Ju Lee, Hyung-Jun Kim, Ik-Hyun Oh, Kee-Ahn Lee
Journal of Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute.2013; 20(1): 24. CrossRef

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