The co-doping effect of aliovalent metal ions such as Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺, Sr²⁺, Ba²⁺, and Zn²⁺ on the photoluminescence of the Y₂O₃:Eu³⁺ red phosphor, prepared by spray pyrolysis, is analyzed. Mg²⁺ metal doping is found to be helpful for enhancing the luminescence of Y₂O₃:Eu³⁺. When comparing the luminescence intensity at the optimum doping level of each Mg²⁺ ion, the emission enhancement shows the order of Zn²⁺ ≈ Ba²⁺ > Ca²⁺ > Sr³⁺> Mg²⁺. The highest emission occurs when doping approximately 1.3% Zn²⁺, which is approximately 127% of the luminescence intensity of pure Y₂O₃:Eu³⁺. The highest emission was about 127% of the luminescence intensity of pure Y₂O₃:Eu³⁺ when doping about 1.3% Zn²⁺. It is determined that the reason (Y, M)2O3:Eu³⁺ has improved luminescence compared to that of Y₂O₃:Eu³⁺ is because the crystallinity of the matrix is improved and the non-luminous defects are reduced, even though local lattice strain is formed by the doping of aliovalent metal. Further improvement of the luminescence is achieved while reducing the particle size by using Li₂CO₃ as a flux with organic additives.

Nanosized Gd₂O₃:Eu³⁺ red phosphor is prepared using a template method from metal salt impregnated into a crystalline cellulose and is dispersed using a bead mill wet process. The driving force of the surface coating between Gd₂O₃:Eu³⁺ and mica is induced by the Coulomb force. The red phosphor nanosol is effectively coated on mica flakes by the electrostatic interaction between positively charged Gd₂O₃:Eu³⁺ and negatively charged mica above pH 6. To prepare Gd₂O₃:Eu³⁺-coated mica (Gd₂O₃:Eu/mica), the coating conditions are optimized, including the stirring temperature, pH, calcination temperature, and coating amount (wt%) of Gd₂O₃:Eu³⁺. In spite of the low luminescence of the Gd₂O₃:Eu/mica, the luminescent property is recovered after calcination above 600°C and is enhanced by increasing the Gd₂O₃:Eu³⁺ coating amount. The Gd₂O₃:Eu/mica is characterized using X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, zeta potential measurements, and fluorescence spectrometer analysis.

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• Optimization of dispersed LaPO4:Tb nanosol and their photoluminescence properties
  Mahboob Ullah, Se-Min Ban, Dae-Sung Kim
  Optical Materials.2019; 97: 109366.     CrossRef