In this study, multilayered SnO nanoparticles are prepared using oleylamine as a surfactant at 165°C. The physical and chemical properties of the multilayered SnO nanoparticles are determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Interestingly, when the multilayered SnO nanoparticles are heated at 400°C under argon for 2 h, they become more efficient anode materials, maintaining their morphology. Heat treatment of the multilayered SnO nanoparticles results in enhanced discharge capacities of up to 584 mAh/g in 70 cycles and cycle stability. These materials exhibit better coulombic efficiencies. Therefore, we believe that the heat treatment of multilayered SnO nanoparticles is a suitable approach to enable their application as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries.

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• Synthesis and electrochemical properties of multi-layered SnO/rGO composite as anode materials for sodium ion batteries
  So Yi Lee, Honggyu Seong, Geongil Kim, Youngho Jin, Joon Ha Moon, Wonbin Nam, Sung Kuk Kim, MinHo Yang, Jaewon Choi
  Applied Surface Science.2023; 612: 155859.     CrossRef