Journal of Powder Materials

Advanced Powder Processing Techniques of Ti Alloy Powders for Medical and Aerospace Applications: Hideshi Miura; J Korean Powder Metall Inst. 2013;20(5):323-331.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/KPMI.2013.20.5.323

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In this paper, two kinds of advanced powder processing techniques Metal Injection Molding (MIM) and Direct Laser Forming (DLF) are introduced to fabricate complex shaped Ti alloy parts which are widely used for medical and aerospace applications. The MIM process is used to strengthen Ti-6Al-4V alloy compacts by addition of fine Mo, Fe or Cr powders. Enhanced tensile strength of 1030 MPa with 15.1% elongation was obtained by an addition of 4 mass%Cr because of the microstructural modification and also the solution strengthening in beta phase. However, their fatigue strength was lower compared to wrought materials, but was improved by HIP. Subsequently, the effect of feeding layer height (FLH) on the characteristics of the DLF compacts was investigated. In the case of 100 µm FLH, surface roughness was improved and nearly full density (99.8%) was obtained. Also, tensile strength of 1080 MPa was obtained, which is higher than the ASTM value.

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Effect of picosecond-laser induced microstructuring of Ti6Al4V bio-alloy on its tribological and corrosion properties
Sunita Kedia, J. Padma Nilaya
Applied Physics A.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Titanium sintering science: A review of atomic events during densification
Randall M. German
International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials.2020; 89: 105214. CrossRef
A review of powdered additive manufacturing techniques for Ti-6al-4v biomedical applications
W.S.W. Harun, N.S. Manam, M.S.I.N. Kamariah, S. Sharif, A.H. Zulkifly, I. Ahmad, H. Miura
Powder Technology.2018; 331: 74. CrossRef
Characterization Of The Graded Microstructure In Powder Sintered Porous Titanium
J.-J. Oak, J.I. Bang, K.-C. Bae, Y.H. Kim, Y.-C. Lee, H.H. Chun, Y.H. Park
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials.2015; 60(2): 1265. CrossRef
Hot Deformation Behavior and Microstructural Evolution of Powder Metallurgy Ti-6Al-4V Alloy
Youngmoo Kim, Young-Beom Song, Sung Ho Lee, Young-Sam Kwon
Journal of Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute.2014; 21(4): 277. CrossRef

Computer Simulation and Verification of Adiabatic Temperature and Apparent Activity Energy of the NiO/Al Aluminothermic System: Yuepeng Song, Yanmin Zhu, Dongsheng Gao, Jing Guo, Hyoung Seop Kim; J Korean Powder Metall Inst. 2013;20(5):332-337.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/KPMI.2013.20.5.332

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Recently, self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS), related to metallic and ceramic powder interactions, has attracted huge interest from more and more researchers, because it can provide an attractive, energy-efficient approach to the synthesis of simple and complex materials. The adiabatic temperature T_ad and apparent activation energy analysis of different thermit systems plays an important role in thermodynamic studies on combustion synthesis. After establishing and verifying a mathematic calculation program for predicting adiabatic temperatures, based on the thermodynamic theory of combustion synthesis systems, the adiabatic temperatures of the NiO/Al aluminothermic system during self-propagating high-temperature synthesis were investigated. The effect of a diluting agent additive fraction on combustion velocity was studied. According to the simulation and experimental results, the apparent activation energy was estimated using the Arrhenius diagram of ln(v/T_ad)sim/T_ad based on the combustion equation given by Merzhanov et al. When the temperature exceeds the boiling point of aluminum (2,790 K), the apparent activation energy of the NiO/Al aluminothermic system is 64pm14 kJ/mol. In contrast, below 2,790 K, the apparent activation energy is 189pm15 kJ/mol. The process of combustion contributed to the mass-transference of aluminum reactant of the burning compacts. The reliability of the simulation results was experimentally verified.

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Milling parameter optimization for the refinement of NiO/Al mixtures and the synthesis of Ni/Al2O3 nanocomposites
N Berramdan, H. Boutefnouchet, M. Zidani, R. Yamanoglu, C. Curfs
Journal of Mining and Metallurgy, Section B: Metallurgy.2024; 60(1): 45. CrossRef

Fabrication of Fe-TiC Composite by High-Energy Milling and Spark-Plasma Sintering: N.Q. Tuan, H.X. Khoa, N.H. Vieta, Y.H. Lee, B.H. Lee, J.S. Kim; J Korean Powder Metall Inst. 2013;20(5):338-344.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/KPMI.2013.20.5.338

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Fe-TiC composite was fabricated from Fe and TiC powders by high-energy milling and subsequent spark-plasma sintering. The microstructure, particle size and phase of Fe-TiC composite powders were investigated by field emission scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction to evaluate the effect of milling conditions on the size and distribution of TiC particles in Fe matrix. TiC particle size decreased with milling time. The average TiC particle size of 38 nm was obtained after 60 minutes of milling at 1000 rpm. Prepared Fe-TiC powder mixture was densified by spark-plasma sintering. Sintered Fe-TiC compacts showed a relative density of 91.7~96.2%. The average TiC particle size of 150 nm was observed from the FE-SEM image. The microstructure, densification behavior, Vickers hardness, and fracture toughness of Fe-TiC sintered compact were investigated.

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Synthesis of Cu-based TiCx composites via in-situ reaction between CuxTi melt and dissolvable solid carbon
Lei Guo, Yang Yang, Xiaochun Wen, Han Gao, Zhe Wang, Zhancheng Guo
Powder Technology.2020; 362: 375. CrossRef
Microstructure and Electrical Property of Ex-Situ and In-Situ Copper Titanium Carbide Nanocomposites
Nguyen Hoang Viet, Nguyen Thi Hoang Oanh
Metals.2020; 10(6): 735. CrossRef
Kinetic Models for the in Situ Reaction between Cu-Ti Melt and Graphite
Lei Guo, Xiaochun Wen, Zhancheng Guo
Metals.2020; 10(2): 267. CrossRef
Fabrication of core‐shell structured TiC–Fe composite powders by fluidized bed chemical vapor deposition
Cheng Liu, Yafeng Yang, Pengpeng Lv, Junjie Guo, Maoqiao Xiang, Qingshan Zhu
Journal of the American Ceramic Society.2019; 102(8): 4470. CrossRef
Effect of mechanical alloying on the synthesis of Fe-TiC nanocomposite
Ali Reza Jam, Mansour Razavi, Leila Nikzad
Science and Engineering of Composite Materials.2017; 24(5): 739. CrossRef
Synthesis and analysis of nanocrystalline β1-Cu3Al and β2-NiAl intermetallic-reinforced aluminum matrix composite by high energy ball milling
Hong-Hai Nguyen, Minh-Thuyet Nguyen, Won Joo Kim, Jin-Chun Kim
Metals and Materials International.2017; 23(1): 202. CrossRef

Synthesis and Thermoelectric Properties of Carbon Nanotube-Dispersed Bi₂Te₃ Matrix Composite Powders by Chemical Routes: Kyung Tae Kim, Injoon Son, Gook Hyun Ha; J Korean Powder Metall Inst. 2013;20(5):345-349.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/KPMI.2013.20.5.345

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Carbon nanotube-dispersed bismuth telluride matrix (CNT/Bi_2Te_3) nanopowders were synthesized by chemical routes followed by a ball-milling process. The microstructures of the synthesized CNT/Bi_2Te_3 nanopowders showed the characteristic microstructure of CNTs dispersed among disc-shaped Bi_2Te_3 nanopowders with as an average size of 500 nm in-plane and a few tens of nm in thickness. The prepared nanopowders were sintered into composites with a homogeneous dispersion of CNTs in a Bi_2Te_3 matrix. The dimensionless figure-of-merit of the composite showed an enhanced value compared to that of pure Bi_2Te_3 at the room temperature due to the reduced thermal conductivity and increased electrical conductivity with the addition of CNTs.

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Effect of Surface Roughness and Electroless Ni–P Plating on the Bonding Strength of Bi–Te-based Thermoelectric Modules
Sung Hwa Bae, Sungsoon Kim, Seong Hoon Yi, Injoon Son, Kyung Tae Kim, Hoyong Chung
Coatings.2019; 9(3): 213. CrossRef
Simple approach to synthesize CNTs uniformly coated Bi2Te3 nanocomposites by mechanical alloying
Balaji Ketharachapalli, Raj Kishora Dash
Applied Nanoscience.2018; 8(8): 1887. CrossRef
Fabrication of flexible SWCNTs-Te composite films for improving thermoelectric properties
Changcun Li, Pengliang Sun, Congcong Liu, Jingkun Xu, Tongzhou Wang, Wenfang Wang, Jian Hou, Fengxing Jiang
Journal of Alloys and Compounds.2017; 723: 642. CrossRef
Effects of Hydrogen Reduction in Microstructure, Mechanical and Thermoelectric Properties of Gas Atomized <italic>n</italic>-type Bi2Te2.7 Se0.3 Material
Pradip Rimal, Sang-Min Yoon, Eun-Bin Kim, Chul-Hee Lee, Soon-Jik Hong
journal of Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute.2016; 23(2): 126. CrossRef
High thermoelectric performance of Bi-Te alloy: Defect engineering strategy
Jong Gil Park, Young Hee Lee
Current Applied Physics.2016; 16(9): 1202. CrossRef
Investigation on the Thermoelectric Properties of Bismuth Telluride Matrix Composites by Addition of Graphene Oxide Powders
Kyung Tae Kim, Taesik Min, Dong Won Kim
Journal of Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute.2016; 23(4): 263. CrossRef

Tomography-based Finite Element Analysis for the Mechanical Behavior of Porous Titanium Manufactured by a Space Holder Method: Dong Jun Lee, Dong-Hyun Ahn, Byounggab Lee, Jiwon Jeong, Sang Ho Oh, Chong Soo Lee, Hyoung Seop Kim; J Korean Powder Metall Inst. 2013;20(5):350-354.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/KPMI.2013.20.5.350

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In this study, porous titanium samples were manufactured by space holder methods using two kinds of urea and sodium chloride space holders. Three-dimensional pore structures were obtained by a computed-tomography (CT) technique and utilized for finite element analysis in order to investigate the mechanical properties. The CT-based finite element analyses were in better agreement with the experimental results than unit cell model-based analyses. Both the experimental and CT-based results showed the same tendency that the elastic modulus decreased with increasing the porosities. The total porosity of the bulk body plays a key role in determining the elastic modulus of porous materials.

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Effect of track spacing on porosity of metallic foam fabricated by laser melting deposition of Ti6Al4V/TiH2 powder mixture
Ja-Ye Seo, Do-Sik Shim
Vacuum.2018; 154: 200. CrossRef
Additive manufacturing of porous metals using laser melting of Ti6Al4V powder with a foaming agent
Do-Sik Shim, Ja-Ye Seo, Hi-Seak Yoon, Ki-Yong Lee, Wook-Jin Oh
Materials Research Express.2018; 5(8): 086518. CrossRef

Comparison of Micro Trench Machining Characteristics with Nonferrous Metal and Polymer using Single Diamond Cutting Tool: Hwan-Jin Choi, Eun-Chae Jeon, Doo-Sun Choi, Tae-Jin Je, Myung-Chang Kang; J Korean Powder Metall Inst. 2013;20(5):355-358.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/KPMI.2013.20.5.355

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Abstract PDF: Micro trench structures are applied in gratings, security films, wave guides, and micro fluidics. These micro trench structures have commonly been fabricated by micro electro mechanical system (MEMS) process. However, if the micro trench structures are machined using a diamond tool on large area plate, the resulting process is the most effective manufacturing method for products with high quality surfaces and outstanding optical characteristics. A nonferrous metal has been used as a workpiece; recently, and hybrid materials, including polymer materials, have been applied to mold for display fields. Thus, the machining characteristics of polymer materials should be analyzed. In this study, machining characteristics were compared between nonferrous metals and polymer materials using single crystal diamond (SCD) tools; the use of such materials is increasing in machining applications. The experiment was conducted using a square type diamond tool and a shaper machine tool with cutting depths of 2, 4, 6 and 10 µm and a cutting speed of 200 mm/s. The machined surfaces, chip, and cutting force were compared through the experiment.

Size Control of Nd-Fe-B Precursor Particles Prepared by Spray Drying and Its Effect on the Magnetic Properties of Nd-Fe-B Alloy Powders after Reduction-Diffusion: Youn-Kyoung Baek, Young-Taek Seo, Jung-Goo Lee, Dong Su Kim, Dong Sik Bae, Chul-Jin Choi; J Korean Powder Metall Inst. 2013;20(5):359-365.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/KPMI.2013.20.5.359

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In this study, we fabricated Nd_2Fe_14B hard magnetic powders with various sizes via spray drying combined with reduction-diffusion process. Spray drying is widely used to produce nearly spherical particles that are relatively homogeneous. Thus, the precursor particles were prepared by spray drying using the aqueous solution containing Nd salts, Fe salts and boric acid with the target stoichiometric composition of Nd_2Fe_14B. The mean particle sizes of the spray-dried powders are in the range from one to seven micrometer, which are adjusted by controlling the concentrations of precursor solutions. After debinding the as-prepared precursor particles, ball milling was also conducted to control the particle sizes of Nd-Fe-B oxide powders. The resulting particles with different sizes were subjected to subsequent treatments including hydrogen reduction, Ca reduction and washing for CaO removal. The size effect of Nd-Fe-B oxide particles on the formation of Nd_2Fe_14B phase and magnetic properties was investigated.

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Research trend in Fabrication of Metastable-phase Iron Nitrides for Hard Magnetic Applications
Kyung Min Kim, Jung-Goo Lee, Kyung Tae Kim, Youn-Kyoung Baek
Journal of Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute.2019; 26(2): 146. CrossRef
Synthesize of Nd₂Fe₁₄B Powders from 1-D Nd₂Fe₁₄B Wires using Electrospinning Process
Nu Si A Eom, Su Noh, Muhammad Aneeq Haq, Bum Sung Kim
Journal of Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute.2019; 26(6): 477. CrossRef

Effect of Added B₄C on the Mechanical Properties of WC/Ni-Si Hardmetal: Gil-Geun Lee, Gook-Hyun Ha; J Korean Powder Metall Inst. 2013;20(5):366-370.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/KPMI.2013.20.5.366

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Abstract PDF: The effects of B_4C on the mechanical properties of WC/Ni-Si hardmetal were analyzed using sintered bodies comprising WC(70-x wt.%), Ni (28.5 wt.%), Si (1.5 wt.%), and B_4C (x wt.%), where 0leq_-xleq_-1.2 wt.%. Samples were prepared by a combination of mechanical milling and liquid-phase sintering. Phase and microstructure characterizations were conducted using X-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy, and electron probe X-ray micro analysis. The mechanical properties of the sintered bodies were evaluated by measuring their hardness and transverse rupture strength. The addition of B_4C improved the sinterability of the hardmetals. With increasing B_4C content, their hardness increased, but their transverse rupture strength decreased. The changes of sinterability and mechanical properties were attributed to the alloying reaction between B_4C and the binder metal (Ni, Si).

Size Control and Optical Properties of ZnO nanoparticles by Zinc-Lithium-Acetate System: Ri Yu, YooJin Kim; J Korean Powder Metall Inst. 2013;20(5):371-375.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/KPMI.2013.20.5.371

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Abstract PDF: ZnO nanoparticles in the size range from 5 to 15 nm were prepared by zinc-lithium-acetate system. The morphologies and structures of ZnO were characterized by TEM, XRD and FT-IR spectra. UV-visible results shows that the absorption of ZnO nanoparticles is blue shifted with decrease in particles size. Furthermore, photoluminescence spectra of the ZnO nanoparticles were also investigated. The ZnO nanoparticles have strong visible-emission intensity and their intensities depend upon size of ZnO nanoparticles.

A Study of Electro-Discharge-Sintering of Ti-6Al-4V Spherical Powders Doped with Hydroxyapatite by Spex Milling and Its Consolidation Characteristics: Y.J. Cho, Y.H. Kim, Y.H. Jo, M.J. Kim, H.S. Kim, S.W. Kim, J.H. Park, W.H. Lee; J Korean Powder Metall Inst. 2013;20(5):376-381.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/KPMI.2013.20.5.376

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Spherical Ti-6Al-4V powders in the size range of 250 and 300 µm were uniformly doped with nano-sized hydroxyapatite (HAp) powders by Spex milling process. A single pulse of 0.75-2.0 kJ/0.7 g of the Ti-6Al-4V powders doped with HAp from 300 mF capacitor was applied to produce fully porous and porous-surfaced Ti-6Al-4V implant compact by electro-discharge-sintering (EDS). The solid core was automatically formed in the center of the compact after discharge and porous layer consisted of particles connected in three dimensions by necks. The solid core increased with an increase in input energy. The compressive yield strength was in a range of 41 to 215 MPa and significantly depended on input energy. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and energy dispersive x-ray spectrometer were used to investigate the surface characteristics of the Ti-6Al-4V compact. Ti and O were the main constituents, with smaller amount of Ca and P. It was thus concluded that the porous-surfaced Ti-6Al-4V implant compacts doped with HAp can be efficiently produced by manipulating the milling and electro-discharge-sintering processes.

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Effect of heat treatment on the microstructural and mechanical properties of Ti6Al4V-equine bone nanocomposites
Wonki Jeong, Se-Eun Shin, Hansol Son, Hyunjoo Choi
Materials Characterization.2021; 179: 111361. CrossRef

Investigation of Material Flow and Industrial Trend of Domestic Europium: Han-Jin Ko, Jeong-Gon Kim, Il-Seuk Lee, Hong-Yoon Kang, Soon-Jik Hong; J Korean Powder Metall Inst. 2013;20(5):382-387.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/KPMI.2013.20.5.382

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Material Flow Analysis for Stable Supply and Demand Management of Tin
Sang Hyun Oh, Hong-Yoon Kang, Yong Woo Hwang, Doo Hwan Kim, Kayoung Shin, Nam Seok Kim
Resources Recycling.2023; 32(4): 18. CrossRef

Importance and Utilization Strategy for Company & Research Institute: Yun-Seock Lee, Soon-Jik Hong; J Korean Powder Metall Inst. 2013;20(5):388-395.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/KPMI.2013.20.5.388

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