Anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) has been widely used for the development and fabrication of nano-powder with various morphologies such as particle, wire, rod, and tube. So far, many researchers have reported about shape control and fabrication of AAO films. However, they have reported on the shape control with different diameter and length of anodic aluminum oxide mainly. We present a combined mild-hard (or hard-mild) anodization to prepare shape-controlled AAO films. Two main parameters which are combination mild-hard (or hard-mild) anodization and run-time of voltage control are applied in this work. The voltages of mild and hard anodization are respectively 40 and 80 V. Anodization was conducted on the aluminum sheet in 0.3 mole oxalic acid at 4°C. AAO films with morphologies of varying interpore distance, branch-shaped pore, diameter-modulated pore and long funnel-shaped pore were fabricated. Those shapes will be able to apply to fabricate novel nano-materials with potential application which is especially a support to prevent volume expansion of inserted active materials, such as metal silicon or tin powder, in lithium ion battery. The silicon powder electrode using an AAO as a support shows outstanding cycle performance as 1003 mAh/g up to 200 cycles.

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• Nano silicon encapsulated in modified copper as an anode for high performance lithium ion battery
  Jong-Keun Ha, Anupriya K. Haridas, Gyu-Bong Cho, Hyo-Jun Ahn, Jou-Hyeon Ahn, Kwon-Koo Cho
  Applied Surface Science.2019; 481: 307.     CrossRef

The electrochemical properties of cells assembled with the LiNiO₂ (LNO) recycled from cathode materials of waste lithium secondary batteries (Li[Ni,Co,Mn]O₂), were evaluated in this study. The leaching, neutralization and solvent extraction process were applied to produce high-purity NiSO₄ solution from waste lithium secondary batteries. High-purity NiO powder was then fabricated by the heat-treatment and mixing of the NiSO₄ solution and H₂C₂O₄. Finally, LiNiO₂ as a cathode material for lithium ion secondary batteries was synthesized by heat treatment and mixing of the NiO and Li₂CO₃ powders. We assembled the cells using the LiNiO₂ powders and evaluated the electrochemical properties. Subsequently, we evaluated the recycling possibility of the cathode materials for waste lithium secondary battery using the processes applied in this work.