In this study, ternary compound Max Phase Ti₂AlC material was mixed by 3D ball milling as a function of ball milling time. More than 99.5 wt% pure Ti₂AlC was synthesized by using spark plasma sintering method at 1000, 1100, 1200, and 1300°C for 60 min. The material characteristics of synthesized samples were examined with relative density, hardness, and electrical conductivity as a function of sintering temperature. The phase composition of bulk was identified by X-ray diffraction. On the basis of FE-SEM result, a terraced structures which consists of several laminated layers were observed. And Ti₂AlC bulk material obtained a vickers hardness of 5.1 GPa at the sintering temperature of 1100°C.

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• Synthesis and reaction path of Ti‐Al‐C MAX phases by reaction with Ti‐Al intermetallic compounds and TiC
  Hojun Lee, Si Yeon Kim, Young‐In Lee, Jongmin Byun
  Journal of the American Ceramic Society.2023; 106(12): 7230.     CrossRef

Ti alloys are extensively used in high-technology application because of their strength, oxidation resistance at high temperature. However, Ti alloys tend to be classified very difficult to cut material. In this paper, The powder synthesis, spark plasma sintering (SPS), bulk material properties such as electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity are systematically examined on Ti₂AlN and Ti₂AlC materials having most light-weight and oxidation resistance among the MAX phases. The bulk samples mainly consisted of Ti₂AlN and Ti₂AlC materials with density close to theoretical value were synthesized by a SPS method. Machining characteristics such as machining time, surface quality are analyzed with measurement of voltage and current waveform according to machining condition of micro-electrical discharge machining with micro-channel shape.

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• Comparative Study on Ablation Characteristics of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy and Ti₂AlN Bulks Irradiated by Femto-second Laser
  Ki Ha Hwang, Hua Feng Wu, Won Suk Choi, Sung Hak Cho, Myungchang Kang
  Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers.2019; 18(7): 90.     CrossRef

Titanium alloys are extensively used in high-temperature applications due to their excellent high strength and corrosion resistance properties. However, titanium alloys are problematic because they tend to be extremely difficult-tocut material. In this paper, the powder synthesis, spark plasma sintering (SPS), bulk material characteristics and machinability test of hybrid Ti₂AlC ceramic bulk materials were systematically examined. The bulk samples mainly consisted of Ti₂AlC materials with density close to theoretical value were synthesized by a SPS method. Random orientation and good crystallization of the Ti₂AlC was observed at 1100°C for 10 min under SPS sintering conditions. Scanning electron microscopy results indicated a homogeneous distribution and nano-laminated structure of Ti₂AlC MAX phase. The hardness and electrical conductivity of Ti₂AlC were higher than that of Ti 6242 alloy at sintering temperature of 1000°C~1100°C. Consequently, the machinability of the hybrid Ti₂AlC bulk materials is better than that of the Ti 6242 alloy for micro-EDM process of micro-hole shape workpiece.

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• Evaluation of Material Characteristics with Sintering Temperature in Ti2AlC MAX Phase Material using Spark Plasma Sintering Method
  Chang-Hun Lee, Gyung Rae Baek, Hee Sang Jung, Young-Keun Jeong, Myung Chang Kang
  Journal of Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute.2015; 22(3): 175.     CrossRef