Journal of Powder Materials

Research Articles

[English]
Effect of Bimodal WC Particle Size Distribution on the Mechanical Properties of WC–Mo₂C–Co Cemented Carbides: Jinwoo Seok, Jong Tae Kim, Juree Jung, Bin Lee, Junhee Han, Leeseung Kang; J Powder Mater. 2026;33(1):13-21. Published online February 28, 2026; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2025.00500

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Abstract PDF: In this study, the influence of bimodal WC particle size design on the microstructure and mechanical properties of WC–27 wt.% Mo₂C–10 wt.% Co cemented carbides was systematically investigated. Bimodal hard-phase designs were realized by combining ultrafine WC (300 nm) and coarse WC (1.8 μm) at various ratios, followed by consolidation via spark plasma sintering (SPS). During sintering, Mo₂C preferentially dissolved into the Co-rich liquid phase due to its higher solubility than WC, forming a Co–Mo–C liquid. During sintering progresses, ultrafine WC selectively dissolved owing to its high interfacial energy, gradually transforming the liquid composition into a Co–Mo–W–C system. Owing to the short holding time and rapid cooling rate of SPS, the η-phase (M₆C) formed during sintering remained metastable. Meanwhile, selective dissolution–reprecipitation resulted in the formation of Mo₂C-based core–rim structures with W enrichment in the rim region as (Mo, W)₂C. As the fraction of ultrafine WC increased, the hardness increased from 1769 to 1997 kgf/mm2, whereas the fracture toughness exhibited an insignificant difference from 6.56 to 6.65 MPa•m¹ᐟ². Fracture behavior analysis revealed that crack deflection and crack bridging occurred at the Mo₂C core–rim interfaces, effectively suppressing straight crack propagation. These results demonstrate that the introduction of ultrafine WC plays a dominant role in enhancing mechanical performance, and that bimodal WC design combined with Mo₂C addition is a highly effective strategy for developing high-performance cemented carbides for machining

[Korean]
Optimization of Mechanical Properties in WC–Mo₂C–Co Cemented Carbides via Dual Hard-Phase Based Heterogeneous Microstructure Design: Jinwoo Seok, Jong Tae Kim, Juree Jung, SongYi Kim, Bin Lee, Junhee Han, Leeseung Kang; J Powder Mater. 2025;32(5):428-436. Published online October 31, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2025.00297

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WC–Mo₂C–Co cemented carbides were fabricated to investigate the effects of Mo₂C addition on microstructure and mechanical properties. Dual hard-phase design using WC and Mo₂C was employed to optimize the balance between hardness and toughness. Spark plasma sintering (SPS) was conducted at various temperatures after ball milling, and 1300 °C for 5 min was identified as the optimized sintering condition, achieving complete densification and phase stability. The addition of Mo₂C refined the microstructure by suppressing abnormal WC grain growth through preferential dissolution of Mo₂C into the Co binder. Hardness increased up to 1769 Hv30 due to grain refinement and solid-solution strengthening, while promoted η-phase formation and reduced fracture toughness.The 27Mo₂C composition exhibited the most balanced combination of hardness and toughness. These results demonstrate that controlled Mo₂C addition enables dual hard-phase strengthening and microstructure optimization in WC–Mo₂C–Co carbides for advanced cutting and forming applications.

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Effect of Bimodal WC Particle Size Distribution on the Mechanical Properties of WC–Mo2C–Co Cemented Carbides
Jinwoo Seok, Jong Tae Kim, Juree Jung, Bin Lee, Junhee Han, Leeseung Kang
Journal of Powder Materials.2026; 33(1): 13. CrossRef

Article

[English]
Spark Plasma Sintering Behaviors of M-type Barium Hexaferrite Nano Powders: Im Doo Jung, Youngmoo Kim, Yang-Ki Hong, Seong Jin Park; J Korean Powder Metall Inst. 2014;21(4):256-259. Published online August 1, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/KPMI.2014.21.4.256

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Abstract PDF

A magnetic powder, M-type barium hexaferrite (BaFe12O19), was consolidated with the spark plasma sintering process. Three different holding temperatures, 850°C, 875°C and 900°C were applied to the spark plasma sintering process with the same holding times, heating rates and compaction pressure of 30 MPa. The relative density was measured simultaneously with spark plasma sintering and the convergent relative density after cooling was found to be proportional to the holding temperature. The full relative density was obtained at 900°C and the total sintering time was only 33.3 min, which was much less than the conventional furnace sintering method. The higher holding temperature also led to the higher saturation magnetic moment (σ_s) and the higher coercivity (H_c) in the vibrating sample magnetometer measurement. The saturation magnetic moment (σ_s) and the coercivity (H_c) obtained at 900°C were 56.3 emu/g and 541.5 Oe for each.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Effect of microwave sintering on density, microstructural and magnetic properties of pure strontium hexaferrite at low temperatures and heating rate
Wail M. Matran, Mazli Mustapha, Mohd Faizairi Nor, Faizal Mustapha, Fahd Saeed Alakbari, Gamal Al-shawesh, Mohammed Bawahab
Heliyon.2024; 10(20): e38766. CrossRef
A study of crystalline – texture and anisotropic properties of hexagonal BaFe12O19 sintered by in-situ magnetic-anisotropy spark plasma sintering (MASPS)
Haetham G. Mohammed, Thar Mohammed Badri Albarody, Husam Kareem Mohsin Al-Jothery, Mazli Mustapha, N.M Sultan
Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials.2022; 553: 169268. CrossRef
Process Optimization of In Situ Magnetic-Anisotropy Spark Plasma Sintering of M-Type-Based Barium Hexaferrite BaFe12O19
Haetham Mohammed, Thar Albarody, Susilawati Susilawati, Scott Gohery, Aris Doyan, Saiful Prayogi, Muhammad Bilad, Reza Alebrahim, Anwar Saeed
Materials.2021; 14(10): 2650. CrossRef
Self-Consolidation and Surface Modification of Mechanical Alloyed Ti-25.0 at.% Al Powder Mixture by Using an Electro-Discharge Technique
S.Y. Chang, H.S. Jang, Y.H. Yoon, Y.H. Kim, J.Y. Kim, Y.K. Lee, W.H. Lee
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials.2017; 62(2): 1293. CrossRef
Plastic deformation and microstructural evolution during the shock consolidation of ultrafine copper powders
Dong-Hyun Ahn, Wooyeol Kim, Minju Kang, Lee Ju Park, Sunghak Lee, Hyoung Seop Kim
Materials Science and Engineering: A.2015; 625: 230. CrossRef

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