In this study, we investigate the effect of the duration of mechanical alloying on the microstructures and mechanical properties of ODS ferritic/martensitic steel. The Fe(bal.)-10Cr-1Mo pre-alloyed powder and Y₂O₃ powder are mechanically alloyed for the different mechanical alloying duration (0 to 40 h) and then constantly fabricated using a uniaxial hot pressing process. Upon increasing the mechanical alloying time, the average powder diameter and crystallite size increased dramatically. In the initial stages within 5 h of mechanical alloying, inhomogeneous grain morphology is observed along with coarsened carbide and oxide distributions; thus, precipitate phases are temporarily observed between the two powders because of insufficient collision energy to get fragmented. After 40 h of the MA process, however, fine martensitic grains and uniformly distributed oxide particles are observed. This led to a favorable tensile strength and elongation at room temperature and 650°C.

In this study, the effects of Co content on the microstructure and Charpy impact properties of Fe-Cr-W ferritic/martensitic oxide dispersion strengthened (F/M ODS) steels are investigated. F/M ODS steels with 0–5 wt% Co are fabricated by mechanical alloying, followed by hot isostatic pressing, hot-rolling, and normalizing/tempering heat treatment. All the steels commonly exhibit two-phase microstructures consisting of ferrite and tempered martensite. The volume fraction of ferrite increases with the increase in the Co content, since the Co element considerably lowers the hardenability of the F/M ODS steel. Despite the lowest volume fraction of tempered martensite, the F/M ODS steel with 5 wt% Co shows the highest micro-Vickers hardness, owing to the solid solution-hardening effect of the alloyed Co. The high hardness of the steel improves the resistance to fracture initiation, thereby resulting in the enhanced fracture initiation energy in a Charpy impact test at – 40°C. Furthermore, the addition of Co suppresses the formation of coarse oxide inclusions in the F/M ODS steel, while simultaneously providing a high resistance to fracture propagation. Owing to these combined effects of Co, the Charpy impact energy of the F/M ODS steel increases gradually with the increase in the Co content.

A precipitation behavior of nano-oxide particle in Fe-5Y₂O₃ alloy powders is studied. The mechanically alloyed Fe-5Y₂O₃ powders are pressed at 750°C for 1h, 850°C for 1h and 1150°C for 1h, respectively. The results of Xray diffraction pattern analysis indicate that the Y₂O₃ diffraction peak disappear after mechanically alloying process, but Y₂O₃ and YFe₂O₄ complex oxide precipitates peak are observed in the powders pressed at 1150°C. The differential scanning calorimetry study results reveal that the formation of precipitates occur at around 1054°C. Based on the transmission electron microscopy analysis result, the oxide particles with a composition of Y-Fe-O are found in the Fe-5Y₂O₃ alloy powders pressed at 1150°C. It is thus conclude that the mechanically alloyed Fe-5Y₂O₃ powders have no precipitates and the oxide particles in the powders are formed by a high temperature heat-treatment.

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• Mechanical properties of Mo-Si-B alloys fabricated by using core-shell powder with dispersion of yttria nanoparticles
  Jong Min Byun, Su-Ryong Bang, Won June Choi, Min Sang Kim, Goo Won Noh, Young Do Kim
  Metals and Materials International.2017; 23(1): 170.     CrossRef