Journal of Powder Materials

Research Article

Hydrogen Reduction Behavior of NCM-based Lithium-ion Battery Cathode Materials: So-Yeong Lee, So-Yeon Lee, Dae-Hyeon Lee, Ho-Sang Sohn; J Powder Mater. 2024;31(2):163-168. Published online April 30, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2024.00017

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Abstract PDF: As the demand for lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicles is increasing, it is important to recover valuable metals from waste lithium-ion batteries. In this study, the effects of gas flow rate and hydrogen partial pressure on hydrogen reduction of NCM-based lithium-ion battery cathode materials were investigated. As the gas flow rate and hydrogen partial pressure increased, the weight loss rate increased significantly from the beginning of the reaction due to the reduction of NiO and CoO by hydrogen. At 700 °C and hydrogen partial pressure above 0.5 atm, Ni and Li2O were produced by hydrogen reduction. From the reduction product and Li recovery rate, the hydrogen reduction of NCM-based cathode materials was significantly affected by hydrogen partial pressure. The Li compounds recovered from the solution after water leaching of the reduction products were LiOH, LiOH·H2O, and Li2CO3, with about 0.02 wt% Al as an impurity.

Article

A Study on the Recovery of Li₂CO₃ from Cathode Active Material NCM(LiNiCoMnO₂) of Spent Lithium Ion Batteries: Jei-Pil Wang, Jae-Jung Pyo, Se-Ho Ahn, Dong-Hyeon Choi, Byeong-Woo Lee, Dong-Won Lee; J Korean Powder Metall Inst. 2018;25(4):296-301. Published online August 1, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/KPMI.2018.25.4.296

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In this study, an experiment is performed to recover the Li in Li₂CO₃ phase from the cathode active material NMC (LiNiCoMnO₂) in waste lithium ion batteries. Firstly, carbonation is performed to convert the LiNiO, LiCoO, and Li₂MnO₃ phases within the powder to Li₂CO₃ and NiO, CoO, and MnO. The carbonation for phase separation proceeds at a temperature range of 600°C~800°C in a CO₂ gas (300 cc/min) atmosphere. At 600~700°C, Li₂CO₃ and NiO, CoO, and MnO are not completely separated, while Li and other metallic compounds remain. At 800 °C, we can confirm that LiNiO, LiCoO, and Li₂MnO₃ phases are separated into Li₂CO₃ and NiO, CoO, and MnO phases. After completing the phase separation, by using the solubility difference of Li₂CO₃ and NiO, CoO, and MnO, we set the ratio of solution (distilled water) to powder after carbonation as 30:1. Subsequently, water leaching is carried out. Then, the Li₂CO₃ within the solution melts and concentrates, while NiO, MnO, and CoO phases remain after filtering. Thus, Li₂CO₃ can be recovered.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Metals Recovery from Spent Lithium-ion Batteries Cathode Via Hydrogen Reduction-water Leaching-carbothermic or Hydrogen Reduction Process
Tahereh Rostami, Behnam Khoshandam
Mining, Metallurgy & Exploration.2024; 41(3): 1485. CrossRef
Influence of Flow-Gas Composition on Reaction Products of Thermally Treated NMC Battery Black Mass
Christin Stallmeister, Bernd Friedrich
Metals.2023; 13(5): 923. CrossRef
Holistic Investigation of the Inert Thermal Treatment of Industrially Shredded NMC 622 Lithium-Ion Batteries and Its Influence on Selective Lithium Recovery by Water Leaching
Christin Stallmeister, Bernd Friedrich
Metals.2023; 13(12): 2000. CrossRef
Environmentally Friendly Recovery of Lithium from Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Lilian Schwich, Bernd Friedrich
Metals.2022; 12(7): 1108. CrossRef
Early-Stage Recovery of Lithium from Tailored Thermal Conditioned Black Mass Part I: Mobilizing Lithium via Supercritical CO2-Carbonation
Lilian Schwich, Tom Schubert, Bernd Friedrich
Metals.2021; 11(2): 177. CrossRef
Exploring a green route for recycling spent lithium-ion batteries: Revealing and solving deep screening problem
Jiadong Yu, Quanyin Tan, Jinhui Li
Journal of Cleaner Production.2020; 255: 120269. CrossRef

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