Cost-effective functional phosphor nanoparticles are prepared by introducing low-cost SiO₂ spheres to rareearth phosphor (YVO₄:Eu³⁺, YVO₄:Er³⁺, and YVO₄:Nd³⁺) shells using a sol-gel synthetic method. These functional nanoparticles are characterized by X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and general photoluminescence spectra. The SiO₂ sphere occupying the interior of the conventional phosphor is advantageous in significantly reducing the cost of expensive rare-earth phosphor nanoparticles. The sol-gel process facilitates the core–shell structure formation; the rare-earth shell phosphor has strong interactions with chelating agents on the surfaces of SiO₂ nanoparticles and thus forms layers of several nanometers in thickness. The photoluminescence wavelength is simply tuned by replacing the active materials of Eu³⁺, Er³⁺, and Nd³⁺. Moreover, the photoluminescent properties of the core–shell nanoparticles can be optimized by manipulating the specific contents of active materials in the phosphors. Our simple approach substitutes low-cost SiO₂ for expensive rare-earth-based phosphor materials to realize cost-effective phosphor nanoparticles for various applications.

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• Enhanced Energy-Transfer Properties in Core-Shell Photoluminescent Nanoparticles Using Mesoporous SiO₂ Intermediate Layers
  Woo Hyeong Sim, Seyun Kim, Weon Ho Shin, Hyung Mo Jeong
  Korean Journal of Metals and Materials.2020; 58(2): 137.     CrossRef

The sol-gel method is the simplest method for synthesizing monodispersed silica particles. The purpose of this study is to synthesize uniform, monodisperse spherical silica nanoparticles using tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) as the silica precursor, ethanol, and deionized water in the presence of ammonia as a catalyst. The reaction time and temperature and the concentration of the reactants are controlled to investigate the effect of the reaction parameters on the size of the synthesized particles. The size and morphology of the obtained silica particles are investigated using transmission electron microscopy and particle size analysis. The results show that monodispersed silica particles over a size range of 54-504 nm are successfully synthesized by the sol-gel method without using any additional process. The nanosized silica particles can be synthesized at higher TEOS/H2O ratios, lower ammonia concentrations, and especially, higher reaction temperatures.

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• Nanostructure Construction of SiO₂@Au Core-Shell by In-situ Synthesis
  Mu-Jae Pyeon, Do Kyung Kim, Young-Keun Jeong
  Journal of Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute.2018; 25(5): 420.     CrossRef

10 wt.% and 20 wt.%Li-TiO₂ composite powders are synthesized by a sol-gel method using titanium isopropoxide and Li₂CO₃ as precursors. The as-received amorphous 10 wt.%Li-TiO₂ composite powders crystallize into the anatase-type crystal structure upon calcination at 450°C, which then changes to the rutile phase at 750°C. The asreceived 20 wt%Li-TiO₂ composite powders, on the other hand, crystallize into the anatase-type structure. As the calcination temperature increases, the anatase TiO₂ phase gets transformed to the LiTiO₂ phase. The peaks for the samples obtained after calcination at 900°C mainly exhibit the LiTiO₂ and Li₂TiO₃ phases. For a comparison of the photocatalytic activity, 10 wt.% and 20 wt.% Li-TiO₂ composite powders calcined at 450°C, 600°C, and 750°C are used. The 20 wt.%Li-TiO₂ composite powders calcined at 600°C show excellent efficiency for the removal of methylorange.

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• Refractory Metal Oxide–Doped Titanate Nanotubes: Synthesis and Photocatalytic Activity under UV/Visible Light Range
  Min-Sang Kim, Hyun-Joo Choi, Tohru Sekino, Young-Do Kim, Se-Hoon Kim
  Catalysts.2021; 11(8): 987.     CrossRef
• Photocatalytic activity of rutile TiO2 powders coupled with anatase TiO2 nanoparticles using surfactant
  Jong Min Byun, Chun Woong Park, Young In Kim, Young Do Kim
  journal of Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute.2018; 25(3): 257.     CrossRef
• Synthesis and characterization of nitrogen-doped TiO 2 coatings on reduced graphene oxide for enhancing the visible light photocatalytic activity
  Yifan Zhang, Hye Mee Yang, Soo-Jin Park
  Current Applied Physics.2018; 18(2): 163.     CrossRef